Both countries are also members of the Bucharest Nine, Three Seas Initiative, OECD, OSCE, Council of Europe and the World Trade Organization.

[1] The founding Piast and Přemyslid dynasties, of Poland and Czechia (Bohemia) respectively, intermarried several times.

Several Bohemian–Polish wars were fought for control of the border regions of Moravia, Silesia and Lesser Poland in the Middle Ages.

At the Battle of Kressenbrunn between Bohemia and Hungary in 1260, the Polish duchies of Silesia and Kraków fought on opposite sides.

[7] Following Austria's conquests and annexations, both Bohemia and southern Poland belonged to the Austrian Empire (from 1867 Austria-Hungary) until the end of World War I in 1918.

April 17–18, 2010, were declared days of national mourning in the Czech Republic to commemorate the 96 victims of the Smolensk air disaster, including Polish President Lech Kaczyński and his wife Maria Kaczyńska.

There has been a big improvement since then, and recently the Czechs are among the most-liked nations in Poland, leading in the polls since 2010 (53% of favourable opinions in 2010, 56% in 2019).

Polish firefighters and police pilots helped extinguish the 2022 wildfires in the Czech Republic.

[19] When both countries were affected by the 2024 Central European floods, the Czech contingent took part in relief efforts in southwestern Poland.