Cameron worked as a law clerk for U.S. District Judge Gregory F. Van Tatenhove for two years, and was then legal counsel to Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell from 2015 to 2017.

[11][12][13][7][14] He was a redshirt freshman defensive back on the 2006 Louisville Cardinals football team, coming off the bench for limited playing time in the first two games.

[17] He was responsible for making sure that the office complied with Senate ethics rules, and helped shepherd the confirmations of conservative federal judges including Neil Gorsuch.

[17][8][18] In 2017, Cameron returned to Louisville and joined the law firm Frost Brown Todd as a senior associate in government affairs.

[citation needed] Cameron's term as attorney general was scheduled to begin on January 6, 2020, but incumbent Andy Beshear resigned the post on December 10, 2019, to facilitate his inauguration as Governor of Kentucky.

[30][31] On December 17, 2019, Beshear signed an executive order appointing Cameron to serve the remainder of his term as attorney general.

[41][42] Beshear noted that Cameron's filing called for the invalidation of executive action that required face masks in public places, imposed restrictions on public gatherings, expanded workers' compensation eligibility for workers who were under quarantine due to exposure to the virus, and the waiver of co-pays, deductibles, and other costs associated with COVID-19-related healthcare.

[43][44] In November 2020, the Kentucky Supreme Court unanimously upheld the constitutionality of Beshear's emergency coronavirus executive orders.

[47][48][49][50] The court said Cameron displayed "amazing and disturbing broad overreach" by overstepping his legal authority and that Cameron lacked the authority to demand detailed information from banks as part of an investigation into their environmental lending practices, calling it a big government intrusion on private businesses that could create "an ongoing state surveillance system.

"[50] On March 13, 2020, Breonna Taylor was killed by police gunfire when plainclothes officers who were serving a search warrant were confronted by an armed man inside her apartment and fired 32 shots.

Separately, a third officer—who had not shot Taylor—was charged with wanton endangerment, for accidentally endangering the lives of three of Taylor's neighbors by shooting into an adjacent apartment.

[17][53] Cameron's announcement led to widespread grief, fury, protests, chanting crowds marching in cities across the United States, and the shooting of two police officers in Louisville.

[57][17] Cameron accused the protestors of trespassing on his private property and alleged the protest's purpose was to "escalate" tension and division in the community.

[61][62][63][64] At a news conference announcing the wanton endangerment charges against Hankison, Cameron appeared to choke up, and said "My heart breaks for the loss of Miss Taylor.

"[66] In January 2021, three grand jurors filed a petition with the Kentucky House of Representatives asking that Cameron be impeached, saying he mishandled the case.

[73] In August 2022, after two years of unresolved questions that focused national attention on the case, the United States Department of Justice intervened and filed charges against four of the officers involved in the killing of Taylor.

[76] In September 2022, the Louisville branch of the NAACP asked Cameron to resign, saying he failed to conduct a fair investigation into Breonna Taylor's shooting death, and was unfit to remain in office.

[83] He criticized incumbent Democratic governor Andy Beshear's emergency orders during the COVID-19 pandemic and emphasized his opposition to abortion.

[92][93][94][95] Cameron faced criticism on social media for hosting an engagement party in June 2020 during the time of the long unfinished investigation into Breonna Taylor's death without any charges being filed.