During the 1950s and 1960s, he contributed novelettes and short stories to various digest size science fiction magazines, sometimes writing under the pseudonym Louis G. Daniels.
During World War II, he served in the US Navy as an instructor and test pilot, receiving injuries that led to later health problems.
Between 1961 and 1973, Galouye wrote five novels, notably Simulacron Three, basis of the movie The Thirteenth Floor (1999) and the German TV miniseries World on a Wire (1973) (directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder).
According to his obituary in the New Orleans States-Item, Galouye... His retirement was due to failing health, which was in turn related to injuries sustained during his Navy service.
Galouye was named 6 July 2007 by Barry N. Malzberg and Gordon Van Gelder, speaking on behalf of themselves and the other two judges, Martin H. Greenberg and Mike Resnick.