[2][3] Barlow began his career as an associate at Locke Lord Bissell & Liddell LLP from 1998 to 2000.

He was Vice President for compliance for Walmart’s Health and Wellness businesses from 2017–2018 in Bentonville, Arkansas.

Barlow returned to Utah in 2018, when he became a partner in Dorsey & Whitney's Trial and Government Enforcement & Corporate Investigations Practice groups.

President Trump nominated Barlow to the seat vacated by Judge Clark Waddoups, who assumed senior status on January 31, 2019.

[8] On December 3, 2019, the United States Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 88–4 vote.