Targamadze made his senior debut for Freiburg on 28 September 2008, in a match against Alemannia Aachen.

[2] He made a total of six league appearances for Freiburg that season, helping them win promotion to the Bundesliga.

[2][3][4][5] Targamadze made a further two first team appearances for Freiburg the following season,[3] before signing for Ukrainian club PFC Oleksandria in the summer of 2010.

[8] In July 2018, after missing two years due to knee injuries, he returned to Georgia and signed for FC Saburtalo Tbilisi.

David is the brother of Irakli Targamadze, a fellow professional footballer.