Decio Carafa (1556–1626) was an Archbishop of Naples who had previously served as papal nuncio to the Spanish Netherlands (1606–1607) and to Habsburg Spain (1607–1611).
In 1609 he convinced Francisco Suarez to write against the claims of James VI and I regarding the 1606 Oath of Allegiance.
In 1610 he played a role in dissuading Philip III from making war on France over French claims in the Rhineland and Italy, and encouraging the negotiations that led to the marriage of Louis XIII to Anne of Austria.
As archbishop he held three diocesan synods, in 1619, 1622 and 1623, to improve clerical discipline and the fitting celebration of the liturgy.
He spent a great deal of money on restoring the interior of Naples Cathedral in the Baroque style.