[1][2] The synagogue is located near the ruins of Deir Aziz, the site of an ancient Jewish settlement, on which the Syrian village later existed.

[1][4][5] In 1998, an excavation expedition was organized on behalf of the Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archeology at Bar-Ilan University and Kinneret College led by Haim Ben David, Zvi Uri Maoz and Oren Zingboim.

[1] The excavations revealed a rectangular hall (basilica) measuring 11 by 18 m (36 by 59 ft), with a pile of ashlar stones, which may originate from the synagogue that was destroyed in the 749 CE earthquake.

[2] Under the floor of the hall, hundreds of coins were found, the latest of which date from the time of Justinian I, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (second quarter of the 6th century AD).

[4] One of the synagogue's windows bears a Greek inscription, ΑΖΙΖΟ, suggesting a connection between the Arab name of the ruin, Deir Aziz, and the original name of the ancient Talmudic village.