[1] The shift was preceded by general strikes, protests, and other acts of civil disobedience that took place in the Hawaiian Archipelago.

The strikes by the Isles' labor workers demanded similar pay and benefits to their Mainland counterparts.

In the years preceding the coup, the 1887 Bayonet Constitution had taken most of the power away from the monarchy and allowed the Republican Party to dominate the legislature.

Besides a brief change of power to the Home Rule Party following annexation, the Republicans had run the Territory of Hawaii.

Illustrative of the prominence of industrialists in the political and social life of the territory was the controversial trial of Grace Fortescue for the murder of Joseph Kahahawai.

[3] Burns admitted in 1975 that Communist Party members in the ILWU provided vital experience in maintaining secrecy and organizing support among labor workers while keeping the early movement underground.

[4] After the overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy by a group of foreign and local residents, the members were not restrained in industrializing the Islands, forming plantations and the Big Five.

The children of these workers who were born in Hawaii automatically became citizens and at this time they began to come of age to be registered voters and could express their dissatisfaction with their votes.

After the meeting in 1944, Jack Hall began organizing these plantation workers in a strike campaign known as the March Inland for better working conditions and pay.

The successful campaign boosted the union's Hawaiian membership to a sizable 25,000 by the decade's end.

[10] On August 28, 1951, the FBI rounded up seven members of the movement[11] including Jack Wayne Hall, Charles Fujimoto (chairman of the Communist Party of Hawaii), and Koji Ariyoshi (editor of the Honolulu Record), who had also published pro-communist work.

In the territorial Senate, Democrats likewise won a majority of nine out of fifteen seats, in increase of two from the previous legislature.

President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Republican Samuel Wilder King as governor.

Ernest Murai: Head of US Customs, US Democratic Party Committeman, Member the Honolulu Police Commission.