[3] The term "demographic engineering" is related to population transfers (forced migrations), ethnic cleansing, and in extreme cases genocide.
[5] He cites many examples of demographic engineering, including the former Yugoslavia, Cyprus dispute, Germans in Poland, Arab-Israeli conflict and Ossetians in Georgia.
[4] According to Dutch Turkologist Erik-Jan Zürcher, the era from 1850 to 1950 was "Europe’s age of demographic engineering", citing the large number of forced population movements and genocides that occurred.
[8] Swiss historian Hans-Lukas Kieser states that the Ottoman Committee of Union and Progress "was far ahead of German elites" when it came to ethnic nationalism and demographic engineering.
[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The State of Kuwait formally has an official Nationality Law that grants non-nationals a legal pathway to obtaining citizenship.
[21] However, as access to citizenship in Kuwait is autocratically controlled by the Al Sabah ruling family it is not subject to any external regulatory supervision.
[17][18][23][24][19][22][25][26][27] In the three decades after independence in 1961, the Al Sabah ruling family naturalized hundreds of thousands of foreign Bedouin immigrants predominantly from Saudi Arabia.
[28][24] The foreign Bedouin immigrants were mainly naturalized to alter the demographic makeup of the citizen population in a way that made the power of the Al Sabah ruling family more secure.
The Kuwaiti authorities permit the forgery of hundreds of thousands of politically motivated naturalizations[22][28] whilst simultaneously denying citizenship to the Bedoon.
[22][17][18][24][19][23][29][25][20][26][28] It is widely considered a form of deliberate demographic engineering and has been likened to Bahrain's politically motivated naturalization policy.
[30][31][32][33] A Human Rights Watch report charging Israel with committing the crime of apartheid cites its policies that fragment the Palestinian population in the occupied territories as facilitating "the demographic engineering that is key to preserving political control by Jewish Israelis"[34] Israel's efforts to ensure a Jewish majority has influenced its policies towards the Israeli-occupied territories over time.
The Israeli response was to both rebuff them with military attacks and to settle a massive number of Jewish immigrants in the now seized properties that had been abandoned.