[1][2] Botswana, like many nations in southern Africa, suffers from a high HIV infection rate, estimated among adults ages 15 to 49 to be 20.7%.

Due to the Anglo-Boer War, the first census of Bechuanaland Protectorate, originally set to occur in 1901, took place on 17 April 1904.

[4] The early censuses were unreliable and took several years to tabulate; the results were outdated by the time they were calculated.

Life expectancy from 1950 to 2020 (UN World Population Prospects):[17][18] Years Setswana 77.3%, Kalanga 7.4%, Sekgalagadi 3.4%, English 2.8%, Shona 2.0%, Sesarwa 1.7%, Sehambukushu 1.6%, Ndebele 1.0%, Others 2.8%.

Their most common countries of origin were as follows: This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2025 ed.).