In particular, the 2008 discovery of bone fragments that in 2010 have been conclusively established to have belonged to a separate early human species - the Denisova hominin - which is named after the cave.

[10] So far, 22 strata have been identified, with archeological artifacts that cover the time from Dyonisiy back to about 125,000–180,000 years ago.

[13] Beside tools, researchers found decorative objects of bone, mammoth tusk, animal teeth, ostrich egg shell, fragments of a stone bracelet made of drilled, worked, and polished dark green chlorastrolite, and pendants.

[9] A seven-centimetre (2.8 in) sewing needle made from bird bone, estimated to be around 50,000 years-old, was found in Denisova Cave.

[6] In 2019, a team of archaeologists from the Russian Academy of Sciences' Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography in Novosibirsk discovered a 45,000-year-old cave lion statue made from a woolly mammoth tusk, according to The Siberian Times.

According to Siberian archeologists, this statue made by Upper Palaeolithic artist might be the oldest animal figurine in the world.

The lion's hind legs, groin, back and belly are covered with eighteen rows of notch ornaments and its head is missing.

[17] Scientists from the Russian Academy of Sciences' Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography in Novosibirsk have investigated the cave.

The fossil element was analyzed by Svante Pääbo and coworkers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig; its mitochondrial DNA revealed a structure that differs from known human patterns and has been ascribed to "Denisova hominin".

[13] Pääbo and his co-workers first intended to classify the Denisovans as a separate species but changed their minds prior to publication of the results.

[24][25] Whole genome sequencing and other characterization of Denisova 11 to 2.6-fold coverage showed this specimen belonged to a female at least thirteen years old at the time of death.

Neanderthal and Denisovan mtDNA were present in samples from layers 14 and 15, respectively, from the East Gallery, lower than any previous fossil finds.

DNA analysis places Equus ovodovi as a phylogenetically basal group for non-caballine horses, with closer genetic affinities with zebras and asses.

[27] A deer tooth pendant impregnated with the genetic material of an Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) woman was found in the Denisova Cave, and dated to circa 24,700 years before present.

[30][29] The cave also preserves remains of woolly mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, wild horse, Equus ovodovi, Irish elk, Siberian roe deer, red deer, moose, reindeer, wild yak, steppe wisent, snow leopard, Eurasian cave lion, Eurasian lynx, manul, cave hyena, steppe fox, red fox, grey wolf, dhole, brown bear, Pleistocene small cave bear, wolverine, kolonok, least weasel, pale weasel, steppe polecat, stoat, sable, Eurasian beaver, and Altai marmot.