Dennstaedtia christophelii

The third known specimen is from the Tranquille Formation's Falkland site on Estekwalan Mountain in the Columbia–Shuswap region of South Central British Columbia.

The Republic and Falkland fossils were studied subsequently by a group of paleobotanists led by Kathleen B. Pigg, with the 2021 type description of the species being published in the International Journal of Plant Sciences.

[1] The group placed the new species into the modern genus Dennstaedtia based on the specific placement and shape of the preserved sori indusia.

An investigation of the suborder Dennstaedtiineae by Jin-Mei Lu et al. (2022) employed the Ypresian age of the species as part of its divergence time calibrations, specifically for the crown group Dennstaedtioideae genera.

[4] A year later, a study by Luz Triana-Moreno et al (2023) on the subfamily Dennstaedtioideae reconfirmed the placement of D. christophelii and noted the Ypresian age fell between two suggested divergence times for crown group Dennstaedtia.

Each pinnule is vascularized with a vein that forks one or two times after entering before finally ending near the leaf margin, and where they are present, in the globose sori.

[1] Both Okanagan Highlands formations represent upland lake systems that were surrounded by a warm temperate ecosystem[1] with nearby volcanism[6] dating from during and just after the early Eocene climatic optimum.

The highlands likely had a mesic upper microthermal to lower mesothermal climate, in which winter temperatures rarely dropped low enough for snow, and which were seasonably equitable.

The CLAMP results after multiple linear regressions for Republic gave a mean annual temperature of approximately 8.0 °C (46.4 °F), with the LMA giving 9.2 ± 2.0 °C (48.6 ± 3.6 °F).

A bioclimatic-based estimate based on modern relatives of the taxa found at each site suggested mean annual temperatures around 13.5 ± 2.2 °C (56.3 ± 4.0 °F) for Republic and 14.7 ± 2.1 °C (58.5 ± 3.8 °F) for Falkland.