The slag can be skimmed off, therefore removing the dissolved oxygen from the liquid steel bath.
[4] For ingot casting, common deoxidizing agents include aluminium, ferrosilicon and manganese.
[5] The main disadvantage of killed steel is that it suffers from deep pipe shrinkage defects.
To minimize the amount of metal that must be discarded because of the shrinkage, a large vertical mold is used with a hot top.
[6] Note that decrease in carbon content increases the problems with non-metallic inclusions.
The porosity eliminates the pipe found in killed steel and increases the yield to approximately 90% by weight.
This type of steel is commonly used for cold-bending, cold-forming, cold-heading and, as the name implies, drawing.
These types of steels are commonly used for sheet and strip metal because of their excellent surface condition.
[6] Due to production processes, as the carbon content of rimmed and capped steel increases above 0.08%, the cleanliness decreases.