This third movement results in rotation of the limb so that its anterior surface is moved either toward or away from the midline of the body.

A joint space narrowing is a sign of either (or both) osteoarthritis and inflammatory degeneration.

In rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical manifestations are primarily synovial inflammation and joint damage.

The fibroblast-like synoviocytes, highly specialized mesenchymal cells found in the synovial membrane, have an active and prominent role in the pathogenic processes in the rheumatic joints.

[17] Therapies that target these cells are emerging as promising therapeutic tools, raising hope for future applications in rheumatoid arthritis.