[1][2][3][4][5] DILS classically presents with bilateral salivary gland enlargement (parotitis), cervical lymphadenopathy, and sicca symptoms such as xerophthalmia (dry eyes) and xerostomia (dry mouth), but it may also involve the lungs, nervous system, kidneys, liver, digestive tract, and muscles.
[1][3][4] Once the diagnosis of DILS is confirmed, management includes highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and as-needed steroids.
[1] Although less common than glandular features, extraglandular characteristics can present in DILS and affect the lungs, nervous system, kidneys, liver, digestive tract, and muscles.
[1] For nervous system involvement, potential complications include facial nerve palsy, aseptic meningitis, and peripheral neuropathy.
[1][3][4] For kidney involvement, the most common sequela is lymphocytic interstitial nephropathy which occurs in approximately 6%-8% of patients with DILS.
[1] Labial salivary gland biopsy with immunohistochemistry is most commonly used to confirm organ infiltration by CD8+ T cells.
[1][2][3][4] It will usually demonstrate periductal CD8+ T cell infiltration with ductal atypia, acinar atrophy, fibrosis, and a focus score greater than or equal to one.
[1][3] DILS was first discovered in 1985 when a subset of HIV-infected patients was noted to have enlargement of their lymph nodes and salivary glands.