DIBP has lower density and freezing point than the related compound dibutyl phthalate (DBP).

[2] It has low volatility, which makes it ideal for use in products that require long-lasting flexibility, e.g. automotive parts, wire and cable insulation, and flooring.

[4] DIBP has been found to be relatively non-toxic, but high levels of exposure to the compound may cause irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

[2] However, in recent years, concerns have been raised about the potential health risks of exposure to phthalates, including DIBP.

[7] Sulfonated graphene can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and can be reused multiple times without reduction in activity.

[8] Furthermore, sulfonated graphene is environmentally friendly, as it does not produce hazardous waste materials that are typically generated during the use of traditional liquid acid catalysts.

Examples include: These reactions can impact the persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity in the environment and may have implications for human and ecosystem health.

The effects of DiBP exposure are mainly realized through its activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ).

Upon activation by DiBP this PPARγ/RXR heterodimer binds to a DNA sequence called the PPAR response element (PPRE).

DiBP also leads to a down-regulation of proteins involved in steroid production, resulting in higher levels of androgenic hormones.

[26][19] Upon entering circulation DiBP is quickly metabolized and excreted through urine, with metabolites reaching peak concentrations 2–4 hours after administration.

[31][32] In the United States, for instance, the prevalence of MIBP detection in urine has risen from 72% of the general population in 2001–2002 to 96% in 2009–2010, according to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

This syndrome is characterized by underdevelopment of the male reproductive system, decreased anogenital distance (AGD), retention of the nipple in a female-like manner, and germ cell toxicity, among other things.

[35][36][37] Therefore, these effects can be connected to decreased insulin-like-3 (INSL3) hormone, which controls transabdominal testicular descent, decreased androgen production in the testicles, which is essential for male sexual development, and disruption of seminiferous cord formation, Sertoli cells, and germ cell development via an unknown mode of action (MOA).

[37][38][39] Despite the limited studies in other species, research on zebrafish[40] shows that environmental exposure to DBP and DIBP can have serious consequences for fish offspring.