The diocese exercises jurisdiction over the territory embraced by the department of Vaucluse, in the Region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.

The diocese has been led since January 2021 by Archbishop Georges Pontier, whom Pope Francis called out of retirement to serve as Apostolic Administrator.

At the same time, however, Avignon was reduced to the rank of a bishopric and was made a suffragan see of Aix.

In 2009 its name was changed to Archdiocese of Avignon, the secondary titles being suppressed.

The first bishop known to history is Nectarius,[2] who took part in several councils about the middle of the fifth century.