The Diocese of Yaroslavl and Rostov (Russian: Ярославская и Ростовская епархия) is an eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church in the area of the Yaroslavl Oblast.

The title of the ruling bishop has changed several times.

From 1907 to 1913 the Yaroslavl diocese headed by Archbishop Tikhon (Bellavin), the future Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia.

His successor was the Metropolitan Agafangel (Preobrazhensky) (glorified in 2000 as a hieroconfessor).

In 1923-1926, Archbishop Joseph (Petrovykh) ran the diocese.