The type specimen was collected by the first author in the Encantadas of Ilha do Mel State Park (Paraná), where it was found growing on tree bark in a Restinga forest.

[2] Diorygma incantatum grows as an opaque, irregular, whitish grey crust on the bark substrate.

The major distinguishing characteristic of the lichen are its threadlike (filiform) ascospores, which measure 105–108 by 6 μm and have from 29 to 31 transverse septa.

These lichens (D. circumfusum, D. minisporum, D. wallamanense, and D. wilsonianum ) can be distinguished from D. incantatum by differences in distribution and in spore dimensions and structure.

The authors also noted a resemblance with Chapsa indica, a species which differs from D. incantatum in that it contains periphysoids, and it lacks lichen products.