The Diplocaulidae ("double cauls") is an extinct family of "nectridean" tetrapodomorphs that arose during the Late Carboniferous and died out in the Late Permian.

[1] They are distinguished by the presence of strange, horn-like protrusions jutting out from the rear of their skulls; in some genera said protrusions gave their heads an almost boomerang-like outline.

Below is a cladogram modified from Germain (2010):[1] Ptyonius Sauropleura Urocordylus Scincosaurus Keraterpeton Diceratosaurus Batrachiderpeton Peronedon Diplocaulus magnicornis Diploceraspis Diplocaulus minimus

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