Direct collapse black hole

Unable to fragment and form stars, the gas cloud undergoes a gravitational collapse of the entire structure, reaching extremely high matter density at its core, on the order of ~107 g/cm3.

The occurrence of the general relativistic instability, as well as the absence of the intermediate stellar phase, led to the denomination of direct collapse black hole.

[15] A computer simulation reported in July 2022 showed that a halo at the rare convergence of strong, cold accretion flows can create massive black holes seeds without the need for ultraviolet backgrounds, supersonic streaming motions or even atomic cooling.

[19] The prediction on their number density is highly dependent on the minimum flux of Lyman–Werner photons required for their formation[20] and can be as large as ~107 DCBHs per cubic gigaparsec in the most optimistic scenarios.

[19] In 2016, a team led by Harvard University astrophysicist Fabio Pacucci identified the first two candidate direct collapse black holes,[21][22] using data from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory.