Dispersal (military)

Its primary objective is to minimise any potential effects of collateral damage, from incoming munitions such as artillery, bombs and missiles.

Force dispersal may also be used in urban guerrilla warfare and as a tactic by militias to combat military intelligence instead of collateral damage.

In this use, breaking up into covert cells is meant to make it harder to eliminate the whole organisation at once, and to reduce the damage when portions of it are discovered.

[2] A notable example of surviving instances of both methods are found at the now former RAF Coltishall in Norfolk, England; on its north-western perimeter taxiway is a World War II-specific dual 'fighter pen' which could be used by a pair of Hawker Hurricane fighters, and along its south and south-eastern perimeter taxiways are a larger number of Cold War-era blast-wall protected dual dispersed revetments arranged in V formations, which afforded protection for jet fighters such as the contemporary Gloster Javelin.

[2][3] The United States military utilised semi-circular covered shelters, albeit with an open front, with the distinctive appearance or style of half an igloo.

Most hardened aircraft shelters (especially those constructed to NATO standards) are able to be hermetically sealed, thereby offering protection against ingress of any chemical and / or biological weapon.