This further requires both a definition of collective and texts, where collective means a connected group of individuals and texts are inscribed symbols chained together to achieve a larger meaning than isolated symbols.
This could be written words, iconic symbology (e.g., graffiti), computer programming languages (C/C++, Java, Perl, etc.
), meta-level mark-up (HTML, XML, SVG, PostScript), and their derivative works.
For computer programming languages, we have a compiler, for writings we have written words interpreted by our mental faculties, and for meta-level mark-up there are web browsers, printers to interpret postscript, and various software applications which turn textual representations into another format.
(Patrick Deegan and Jon Phillips, 2004) The concept of distributed authorship has been applied to oral traditions in which one person's telling of a traditional story reflects the oral recitations of many previous tellers.