etrap) are territorial entities below the provinces of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: welaýatlar, sing.
The heads of the districts (Turkmen: häkim, translated as "governor" for districts of a welaýat and "mayor" for cities or boroughs of a city) are appointed by the President of Turkmenistan (Constitution of Turkmenistan, Articles 80-81).
Regarding cities "with district status" (Turkmen: etrap hukukly), by Turkmen law, "...such cities must have population over 30,000 and be the administrative center of a province (welaýat); headed by a presidentially appointed häkim."
As of 9 November 2022, 7 cities in Turkmenistan enjoyed the status of districts.
[2] Two cities in Turkmenistan feature subordinate districts headed by mayors.