Diuresis

The term collectively denotes the physiologic processes underpinning increased urine production by the kidneys during maintenance of fluid balance.

The concentrations of electrolytes in the blood are closely linked to fluid balance, so any action or problem involving fluid intake or output (such as polydipsia, polyuria, diarrhea, heat exhaustion, starting or changing doses of diuretics, and others) can require management of electrolytes, whether through self-care in mild cases or with help from health professionals in moderate or severe cases.

[citation needed] Osmotic diuresis is the increase of urination rate caused by the presence of certain substances in the proximal tubule (PCT) of the kidneys.

Sodium, chloride and potassium are excreted in osmotic diuresis, originating from diabetes mellitus (DM).

Osmotic diuresis results in dehydration from polyuria and the classic polydipsia (excessive thirst) associated with DM.

Forced alkaline diuresis has been used to increase the excretion of acidic drugs like salicylates and phenobarbitone, and is recommended for rhabdomyolysis.

Forced acid diuresis is rarely done in practice,[7] but can be used to enhance the elimination of cocaine, amphetamine, quinine, quinidine, atropine and strychnine when poisoning by these drugs has occurred.

Rebound diuresis refers to the sudden resurgence of urine flow that occurs during recovery from acute kidney injury.

As shown by the graph, urine flow recovers rapidly and subsequently overshoots the typical daily output (between 800 mL and 2L in most people).

Since the kidney's resorption capacity takes longer to re-establish, there is a minor lag in function that follows recovery of flow.

Overall, acute exposure to cold is thought to induce a diuretic response due to an increase mean arterial pressure.