Domingo Bartolomé Francisco Matheu (4 August 1765 in Mataró, Spain – 28 March 1831 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) was a Spanish-born Argentine businessman and politician.

[3] Matheu joined the Regiment of Miñones during the British invasions of the Río de la Plata.

On August 19, 1806, a few days after the liberation of Buenos Aires from British rule, Matheu, Larrea and other neighbours requested authorization to create a new military unit, "Urbanos Voluntarios de Cataluña".

[4] The Peninsular War in Spain, along with the capture of the king Ferdinand VII and the fall of the Junta of Seville, escalated political disputes in Buenos Aires that led to the May Revolution.

Several criollos thought that the viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros, appointed by the fallen Junta, did not have legitimacy, and requested an open cabildo to discuss it.

Working alongside German gunsmiths as Juan Frye and Fernando Lamping, he directed the creation of several muskets and some pieces of artillery.

The armory of Buenos Aires, located at the site of the modern Palace of Justice, had only 90 employees, including seven slaves and seven natives.

General Manuel Nicolás Savio organized the construction of an arsenal in Rosario, Santa Fe, named after Matheu.