Appointed Bishop in 1951 and later archbishop of Canton, he spent twenty-two years in jail for his loyalty to the Catholic Church and died in exile in the United States.

He was born in Hong Kong and decided to enter the Jesuit novitiate in Spain in August 1930.

The People's Republic of China charged him as "the most faithful running-dog of the reactionary Vatican."

He remained in jail for 22 years in Laogai prison because he refused to sever contact with the Pope, as the government ordered him to.

After his release, he never showed any bitterness for his 22 years of imprisonment, even though no apology was ever given by the Chinese government.