Following graduation, Ducharme began his professional career splitting time between the Raleigh IceCaps and Huntington Blizzard of the ECHL along with the Cornwall Aces of the American Hockey League (AHL) in 1995–96.
Ducharme's first season with the Mooseheads saw the team finish sixth overall in the QMJHL, and second in the Maritimes Division reaching the semifinals of the President's Cup.
Following the 2015–16 QMJHL season, Ducharme resigned his position with the Mooseheads and joined Drummondville as both head coach and general manager.
[8] In the first Stanley Cup Finals game at the Bell Centre the Canadiens were defeated by the Tampa Bay Lightning by a score of 6–3.
[10] On July 13, 2021, Ducharme was formally named the 31st head coach in Canadiens history, signing a three-year extension with the team.