Dongduk Women's University is originated from Dongwon Girls School, founded in 1950.

The college received permission to open a graduate school in 1980 and gained the status of a university in 1987.

The most recent academic reorganization, resulting in the current structure, took place in 2003.

Discussion of coeducational option by the university administration in late 2024 triggered widespread protests.

Students led occupation of the main buildings and blocking access to the university.