Dorothea Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (3 February 1587, Wolfenbüttel – 16 October 1609, Zerbst) was a princess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by birth and by marriage Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst.

Dorothea Hedwig was the eldest child of the Duke Henry Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1564–1613) from his first marriage with Dorothea (1563–1587), daughter of the Elector August of Saxony (1526–1586).

Dorothea Hedwig married on 29 December 1605 in Wolfenbüttel to Prince Rudolf von Anhalt-Zerbst (1576–1621).

She died while giving birth to her fourth child, a still-born princess who was born an hour after the mother's death.

[citation needed] Her motto was: The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom.