In Ontario, municipalities have legislative authority to define the number of councillors representing its council.
[4] In the past, this was the most common system used for electing representatives to upper-tier councils in Ontario.
[5] In the Regional Municipality of York, members of York Regional Council consist of a subset of individuals from those elected to office in each of the nine constituent municipalities (Aurora, East Gwillimbury, Georgina, King, Newmarket, Markham, Richmond Hill, Vaughan, and Whitchurch-Stouffville).
[9] The Greater Niagara Chamber of Commerce states that this will create a "more coordinated, efficient and representative public administration".
The double direct election protocol is slightly different in this case: there are two ballots, one for municipal council, the other for Islands Trust.
[13] If no candidate received this much votes on their own, the municipal council would elect the mayor from among its membership.
Under the original constitution of the Fifth Republic, the President of France was elected by an electoral college comprising members of Parliament and local authorities.
In the paper Regional Peculiarities of the Municipal Reform in the Period of Transition, the authors state that double direct election results in a parochial council less interested in regional matters, as most "try to extract as much as they can for their lower tier municipality",[4] and that the upper tier council is less accountable to the electorate.