Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet, GCVO, CH, CB, FRCS, KStJ (15 February 1853 – 7 December 1923) was a prominent British surgeon, and an expert in anatomy.

In 1884, Treves first saw Joseph Merrick, known as the Elephant Man, being exhibited by showman Tom Norman in a shop across the road from the London Hospital.

[3] During the Second Boer War (1899–1902), Treves volunteered to work at a field hospital in South Africa, treating the wounded.

He later published an account of his experiences in The Tale of a Field Hospital, based on articles written at the time for the British Medical Journal.

Treves, with the support of the leading surgical authority, Lord Lister, performed a then-radical operation of draining the infected appendiceal abscess through a small incision and leaving the appendix intact.

[19] Treves was honoured with a baronetcy on 24 July 1902[20] (which Edward had arranged before the operation),[21] and appendix surgery entered the medical mainstream in the UK.

This last volume is an account of his travels in the West Indies, interspersed with portions of their histories; describing (among other things) the death of Blackbeard the pirate, an eruption of Mount Pelée (which destroyed the city of St. Pierre, Martinique), and a powerful earthquake at Kingston, Jamaica, shortly before he landed there.

His funeral took place at St Peter's Church, Dorchester, on 2 January 1924, King George V and Queen Mary were represented by the Physician-in-Ordinary, Lord Dawson.

[26] Treves is one of the main characters in The Elephant Man, Bernard Pomerance's 1977 play about Joseph Merrick's life, as well as David Lynch's 1980 film, in which he was portrayed by Anthony Hopkins.

Working at the London Hospital and coming into contact with criminal cases, he is also depicted by Paul Ready in the BBC historical crime drama Ripper Street, set in the East End in the 1890s.

[28] In real life, Sir Frederick Treves appeared as himself amongst other society Britons helping out with the war effort in D. W. Griffith's lost silent film The Great Love (1918).