Dubbing
After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks—dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, foley, and music—the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack.
[4] In Western Europe after World War II, dubbing was attractive to many film producers as it helped to enable co-production between companies in different countries, in turn allowing them to pool resources and benefit from financial support from multiple governments.
[citation needed] In South Africa, many television programs were dubbed in Afrikaans, with the original soundtrack (usually in English, but sometimes Dutch or German) "simulcast" in FM stereo on Radio 2000.
In recent years, however, especially in the larger cities on the east and south coasts, it has become increasingly common for movie theaters to show subtitled versions with the original soundtracks intact.[promotion?
[35] Chinese television dramas are often dubbed in Standard Mandarin by professional voice actors to remove accents, improve poor performances, or change lines to comply with local censorship laws.
Dubbing is rarely done with the other major Indian languages, namely Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, and Odia, due to lack of significant market size.
Using various voice actors and adding local hints and witticisms to the original contents, dubbing played a major role in attracting people to the cinemas and developing an interest in other cultures.
Matthew Perry Simon Pegg Tom Hiddleston Orlando Bloom James McAvoy Jackie Chan Michael Keaton Kevin Bacon Christopher Walken Willem Dafoe Marlon Brando Lino Ventura Gene Hackman Charles Bronson Sylvester Stallone Rock Hudson Mel Gibson Russell Crowe Jeremy Brett Roger Hanin Robert Redford Omar Sharif Dustin Hoffman Al Pacino Tobey Maguire Mark Wahlberg Ryan Reynolds Martin Freeman Will Smith Jamie Foxx Eddie Murphy Adam Sandler Nicolas Cage Jim Carrey Denzel Washington Kurt Russell Daniel Radcliffe Leonardo DiCaprio Matt Damon In Israel, only children's movies and TV programming are dubbed in Hebrew.
"Japanese dub-over artists" provide the voices for certain performers, such as those listed in the following table: Elvis Presley David Hasselhoff Bill Murray Wesley Snipes Robin Williams Will Smith Jean-Claude Van Damme Eddie Murphy Charlie Sheen Ben Stiller John Stamos Hayden Christensen Leonardo DiCaprio Ryan Gosling Kiefer Sutherland Mel Gibson Chow Yun-fat Hugh Jackman Jason Statham Sean Penn Charlize Theron Kirsten Dunst Liam Neeson Ed Harris Robert De Niro Steven Seagal Denzel Washington Dolph Lundgren Scarlett Johansson Colm Meaney Jeff Goldblum Donnie Yen Gary Oldman David Duchovny Luke Perry Daniel Craig Matt Damon Noah Wyle Matt LeBlanc Ewan McGregor Adam Sandler Keanu Reeves Brigitte Bardot Clark Gable Lee Van Cleef Lee Marvin Jean-Paul Belmondo Richard Widmark Steve McQueen Gene Barry Peter Graves Raymond Burr Tyrone Power Donald Sutherland Christopher Lee Steve Martin Dean Martin Sylvester Stallone Al Pacino Giuliano Gemma Bruce Willis John Travolta Winona Ryder Kate Winslet Julianne Moore Taylor Kitsch Stephen Fung Lin Gengxin Mark Hamill Tommy Lee Jones Ed Harris Renée Zellweger Kevin Bacon Gary Oldman Hilary Swank Halle Berry Joe Pesci Tony Curtis Michael Hui Robert Redford Michael Biehn Morgan Freeman Ben Affleck Kirsten Dunst Woody Harrelson Andie MacDowell Amy Yasbeck Emma Thompson Monica Bellucci Kate Beckinsale Steve Carell Matthew McConaughey Colin Firth John Malkovich Richard Dreyfuss Hayden Panettiere Emma Watson Daryl Sabara Lee Byung-hun Sam Worthington Wentworth Miller Ethan Hawke Adrien Brody Dustin Hoffman Timothy Dalton Michael Rooker Ryan Reynolds Foreign-language programmes and films that air on TV2 and TVS[50] are shown in their original language but have subtitles in Malay.
In general, the decision whether to dub a video production depends on a variety of factors such as the target audience of the channel or programming bloc on which the feature will be aired, its genre, and/or outlet of transmission (e.g. TV or cinema, free or pay-TV).
The prevalence of media needing to be dubbed has resulted in a talent pool that is capable of syncing voice to lip, especially for shows broadcast by the country's three largest networks.
Chinese, Malay and Tamil programs (except for news bulletins and other live shows), usually have subtitles in English and the original language during the prime time hours.
The second, considered basic in many European countries and the only one acceptable today, is synchronous dubbing, a radically different technology with much higher sound quality and speech synchronisation capabilities.
Also, there has been an effort to impose dubbing by Nova TV, with La Fea Más Bella (2006–2007) translated as Ružna ljepotica (literally, "The Ugly Beauty"), a Mexican telenovela, but it failed.
The Nordic countries are often treated as a common market issuing DVD and Blu-ray releases with original audio and user choosable subtitle options in Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish.
Kanal D tried in March 2023 to introduce the first Turkish series dubbed in Romanian, Kirmizi Oda, but it failed after the criticism received on social media from viewers and low ratings.
The dubbing of cartoon series in former Yugoslavia during the 1980s had a twist of its own: famous Serbian actors, such as Nikola Simić, Mića Tatić, Nada Blam and others provided the voices for characters of Disney, Warner Bros., MGM and other companies, frequently using region-specific phrases and sentences and, thus, adding a dose of local humor to the translation of the original lines.
In the 21st-century, prominent dubbing/voice actors in Serbia include actors Marko Marković, Vladislava Đorđević, Jelena Gavrilović, Dragan Vujić, Milan Antonić, Boris Milivojević, Radovan Vujović, Goran Jevtić, Ivan Bosiljčić, Gordan Kičić, Slobodan Stefanović, Dubravko Jovanović, Dragan Mićanović, Slobodan Ninković, Branislav Lečić, Jakov Jevtović, Ivan Jevtović, Katarina Žutić, Anica Dobra, Voja Brajović, Nebojša Glogovac and Dejan Lutkić.
[71] In the French-, Italian-, Spanish-, German-, Russian-, Polish-, Czech-, Slovak- and Hungarian-speaking markets of Europe, almost all foreign films and television shows are dubbed (with the main exception being the majority of theatrical releases of adult-audience movies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia).
TV series nevertheless are usually not dubbed, they are subtitled except for a few Mexican, Brazilian and Turkish soap operas, like: Por Ti, Celebridade, A Casa das Sete Mulheres, Paramparça, etc.
Voice-over dub was invented in the Soviet Union in the 1980s when with the fall of the regime, many popular foreign movies, previously forbidden, or at least questionable under communist rule, started to flood in, in the form of low-quality home-copied videos.
[82][83] Dubbing, after the Spanish Civil War, was reinforced by the regulations promulgated by the Government of Francisco Franco on April 23, 1941, at its time based on Mussolini's Language Defense Law of 1938.
However, this practice has been slowly abandoned since the late 2010s: all children's films and cartoons regardless of the original language (including Russian) are always dubbed into Ukrainian; example of the first Russian cartoons dubbed into Ukrainian for the cinematic-release is The Snow Queen 2 (2015), A Warrior's Tail (2015), Volki i Ovtsy: Be-e-e-zumnoe prevrashenie (2016), Ivan Tsarevich i Seryy Volk 3 (2016), Bremenskie razboyniki (2016), The Snow Queen 3: Fire and Ice (2017), Fantastic Journey to OZ (2017), Fixies: Top Secret (2017) etc.
Games such as Halo 3, God of War: Ascension, inFamous 2, Assassin's Creed III, Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure, World of Warcraft and others are dubbed in Brazilian Portuguese.
Apparently, for unknown reasons (probably technical), the Brazilian Portuguese dub credits from some shows or cartoons from channels from Viacom or Turner/Time Warner, are shown on Latin America (on Spanish-dubbed series).
Dubbing has been criticized for the use of TV or movie stars as voice actors (such as Ricky Martin in Disney's Hercules, or Eugenio Derbez in DreamWorks' Shrek), or for the incorrect use of local popular culture that sometimes creates unintentional jokes or breaks the feeling of the original work (such as translating Sheldon Cooper's "Bazinga!"
For Latin American Spanish-speaking countries, all foreign-language programs, films, cartoons and documentaries shown on free-to-air TV networks are dubbed into Standard Spanish, (mainly in Mexico, Venezuela or Argentina) while broadcasts on cable and satellite pan-regional channels (i.e.
In addition, a small number of British films have been re-dubbed when released in the United States, due to the usage of dialects which Americans are not familiar with (for example, Kes and Trainspotting).
Sound generated by effects equipment such as animatronic puppets or by actors' movements on elaborate multi-level plywood sets (for example, starship bridges or other command centers) will quite often make the original character dialogue unusable.
In the case of languages with large communities (such as English, Chinese, Hindi, Portuguese, Italian, German, Spanish, or French), a single translation may sound foreign to native speakers in a given region.
