In the first five years of his reign, Qi was invaded by the states of Lu, Wei, Wey, and Zhao on separate occasions.
[1] And besides murdering his brother and nephew, the Bamboo Annals also records that he killed his mother in the 11th year of his reign.
[2] Although his grandson King Xuan is generally credited with the establishment of the Jixia Academy, other Chinese sources trace it to Duke Huan.
He was succeeded by his son Tian Yinqi, under whose reign Qi would become the most powerful state of China.
[4] Since 2008 they have been included in the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as part of the ancient Qi capital and mausoleum complex.