Dukla Prague was formed in 1948 as "Armádní tělovýchovný klub (ATK) Praha" and started life in the top division of Czechoslovak football.

[3] The club changed its name to "Ústřední dům armády (ÚDA) Praha" in 1953, winning the first of eleven league titles in the 1953 season.

That season, the Dukla team completed a "double" as they defeated Dynamo Žilina in the cup final to add to their fourth league title.

Dukla star Josef Masopust scored in the final as Brazil won 3–1, and was later named as the winner of the 1962 Ballon d'Or.

Dukla won three American Challenge Cups, over Brazil's America-RJ in 1962 (1–1 and 2–1), over West Ham United in 1963 (1–0 and 1–1) and over Zagłębie Sosnowiec in 1964 (3–1 and 1–1).

[9] In later years they struggled to maintain international recognition, however they were well known to British fans thanks to Half Man Half Biscuit's cult song: "All I want for Christmas is a Dukla Prague away kit" which was the B-side of their 1986 single "The Trumpton Riots" and was subsequently issued on the album Back Again in the DHSS and then on the CD release of the album Back in the DHSS.

Dukla's overall record in the International Soccer League and the American Challenge Cup thus comprises 11 wins, four draws and one loss with a score of 49–19.

[11] In a season which saw the club lose 7–0 to Viktoria Žižkov,[6] Dukla won just one of their thirty matches, a 1–0 victory against Hradec Králové.

[11] Dukla played the following 1994–95 season in the third-tier Bohemian Football League, finishing in third place behind SK Chrudim and Pelikán Děčín.

[11] Dukla was unable to win the league in the 1995–96 season either, again finishing third, this time behind Atlantic Lázně Bohdaneč and Česká Lípa.