Dunajské luhy PLA contains diverse flora and fauna, including endemic species, living in riparian zones.

The whole area of the Dunajské luhy PLA is listed as the site number 605 in the Ramsar Convention, an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands.

[3] Aquatic plants are represented by many rare and protected species, such as the European white waterlily, yellow water-lily, Salvinia natans, water chestnut, Nymphoides peltata and others.

The floodplains are covered with willows, alders, oaks, ashes, elms, poplars, European hornbeams, and dogwoods.

Rare and protected species include the wild form of the common carp, Umbra krameri (European mudminnow) from the order Esociformes, Pelecus cultratus from the family Cyprinidae, and Proterorhinus marmoratus (tubenose goby) from the goby family.