Eben Carleton Sprague (November 28, 1822 – February 14, 1895) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

He attended Phillips Exeter Academy, and graduated from Harvard College in 1843.

Sprague studied law with Millard Fillmore and Solomon G. Haven and was admitted to the bar in 1846, and practicing in Buffalo, New York.

He was elected and became a member of the New York State Senate (31st D.) in 1877 as a Republican.

The first was former U.S. President Millard Fillmore and the second was Orsamus H. Marshall, the American lawyer, educator and historian.