The E233 series provides for better accessibility for the disabled, and is designed to be more comfortable to ride overall than previous stock.

[1] For standing passengers the handle straps have been lowered by 50 mm (2.0 in) compared to older train models.

[2] This stock also features an air filtration system to remove unpleasant smells.

It also features liquid crystal display information screens and automatic announcement system similar to those previously used on the E231 series rolling stock on the Yamanote Line.

This is due to the fact that the Chūō Line has numerous types of services, and colour-coding will help passengers board the correct train.

[6] In April 2018, JR East announced plans to add two bilevel Green (first class) cars to 58 ten-car and six-car E233-0 series EMU sets operated on the Chūō Line and through-service trains to the Ōme Line, and to install toilets on these sets ahead of Green car introductions.

[7] To compensate for train shortages brought on by toilet installations, a new ten-car set (T71) was delivered from J-TREC's Yokohama facility on 11 June 2020.

[7] On 27 April 2022, JR East announced that Green car introductions would again be postponed until the end of fiscal 2024 or later as a result of the global chip shortage.

The main difference over the earlier E233-0 series is the absence of passenger door controls.

[16] Two cars of set 177, KuHa E233-1077 and SaHa E233-1277, were involved in a derailment in February 2014 and were scrapped in December 2016.

[21] As of 1 April 2017[update], the fleet consists of 19 ten-car sets, numbered 1 to 19, based at Matsudo Depot, and formed as shown below, with car 1 at the southern end.

[25] The first 10+5-car E233-3000 series outer suburban set (E01 + E51) for use on the Tōkaidō Main Line was delivered from the Tokyu Car factory in Yokohama to Kōzu Depot in November 2007.

[26] It entered revenue service on 10 March 2008, and was initially limited to use on the Tōkaidō Main Line between Tokyo and Atami.

[28] Subsequent sets (originally numbered NT1 + NT51 onward) were delivered to Tamachi Depot from September 2011, entering service from 12 November 2011.

[35] As with the earlier Saikyo Line E233-7000 series variant, the trains use LED interior lighting.

A total of 31 ten-car sets were delivered, displacing the fleet of 205 series EMUs previously used.

[16][43] The first E233-7000 series set (number 101) was delivered to Kawagoe Depot from JR East's Niitsu factory on 9 April 2013.

[45] These are six-car sets introduced on Nambu Line services between Kawasaki and Tachikawa from 4 October 2014.

[46] Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout, with wheelchair spaces in cars 1 and 6.

[6] In addition to receiving the Nambu Line livery carried by the E233-8000 series fleet, modifications included adding a WiMAX antenna and replacing the original 15-inch (381 mm) LCD passenger display screens with 17-inch (432 mm) screens.

Keihin–Tōhoku Line E233-1000 series set 177 was derailed in a collision with a track maintenance vehicle in the early hours of 23 February 2014 near Kawasaki Station while on an empty stock train operating from Sakuragicho to Kamata.

[53] The two derailed cars from the set involved, KuHa E233-1077 and SaHa E233-1277, were formally withdrawn in December 2016.