His son and namesake John Proby was a Whig politician and notably served as a (civilian) Lord of the Admiralty.
In 1801 he was further honoured when he was made Baron Carysfort, of the Hundred of Norman Cross in the County of Huntingdon, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which gave him a seat in the British House of Lords.
He died unmarried and was succeeded in 1855 by his younger brother Granville Leveson Proby, the third Earl.
On his death on 3 November 1868, the titles passed to his second but eldest surviving son, the fourth Earl.
Hugh Proby, the third son of the third Earl, was the founder of Kanyaka Station in the Flinders Ranges of South Australia.