[2] It is bordered by the state of Madhya Pradesh to the north and by the districts of Buldhana to the east, Jalna to the southeast, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar to the south, Nashik to the southwest, and Dhule to the west.

Southern parts of Jalgaon were controlled by the Vatsagumla Vakatakas by 5th century, as evidenced by copper plates dated to 316 and 367.

The part the Peshwa received was made into a separate subha containing Gaulana, Khandesh, Meiwar, Bajagur, Pallnemaur, and Hindia.

[7] East Khandesh's Chalisgaon taluka's 13 enclave villages was transferred to neighbouring Aurangabad district.

Four years later, in 1960, it became part of the newly formed Maharashtra and was renamed Jalgaon and Dhulia Districts, respectively.

[3] In British Raj, the construction of a railway line in the limit of Khandesh district started in 1852 and opened for trains in 1861 and 1865.

The Tapti has numerous tributaries in and around the district, including the Purna, Aner, Bhuleshwari, Biswa, Chandrabhaga, Dolar, Gadgi, Kapara, Katpurna, Man, Morana, Nalganga, Nand, Pedhi, Sipana, and Wan Rivers.

Jalgaon district consists of 15 talukas, or tehsils: Dharangaon, Amalner, Bhadgaon, Bhusawal, Bodwad, Chalisgaon, Chopda, Erandol, Jalgaon, Jamner, Muktainagar, Pachora, Parola, Raver, and Yawal.

The district has 11 constituencies in the Vidhan Sabha, the state legislative assembly: Amalner, Bhusawal, Chalisgaon, Chopda, Erandol, Jalgaon City, Jalgaon Rural, Jamner, Muktainagar, Pachora, and Raver.

It has two constituencies in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament: Raver and Jalgaon.

The district is also home to schools and colleges of the Khandesh Education Society and Maratha Vidya Prasarak Mandal and the Government Polytechnic Jalgaon.

The district's administrative center, Jalgaon city, is a well known hub for gold jewellery shopping and business.

The major Marathi-language newspapers published in Jalgaon are Deshdoot, Deshonnati, Divya Marathi, Lokmat, the Maharashtra Times, and Sakal, Bharat Live News Media.

[19] Navnirmiti Shetkari Mandal from Asoda, proposed the GI registration of Jalgaon Bharit Brinjal.