Settlers again returned to the western shores of the Hudson River with the 1660 formation of Bergen, New Netherland, which would become the first permanent European settlement in the territory of the modern state of New Jersey.

South of the Raritan River the Monmouth Tract was developed primarily by Quakers from Long Island.

In 1682, Barclay and the other Scottish proprietors began the development of Perth Amboy as the capital of the province.

[2] Frequent disputes between the residents and the mostly-absentee proprietors over land ownership and quitrents plagued the province until its surrender to Queen Anne's government in 1702.

(Surveyed north only to the south branch of the Raritan River) (Land ownership disputes continued.