It is headquartered in Vijay Durg (formerly known as Fort William) in the city of Kolkata in the state of West Bengal.

Lieutenant General Ram Chander Tiwari is the current GOC-in-C of Eastern Command.

The Chindits were raised and launched into operations in 1943, by the 77th Indian Infantry Brigade, a unit of the Eastern Command.

[6] In October 1943, the Fourteenth Army was formed and was given responsibility of the area east of the Meghna River.

The Order of Battle of the Eastern Command during the war was: II Corps (HQ - Krishnanagar) (GOC - Lieutenant General T N Raina) IV Corps (HQ - Agartala) GOC - Lieutenant General Sagat Singh XXXIII Corps (HQ - Siliguri) (GOC - Lieutenant General M L Thapan) 101st Communication Zone (HQ: Guwahati) (GOC - Major General Gurbax Singh Gill) On 16 December 1971, the Eastern Command of the Pakistan Armed Forces surrendered at Dhaka.

Approximately 93,000 Pakistani servicemen were taken prisoner by the Indian Army, which included 79,676 to 81,000 uniformed personnel of the Pakistan Armed Forces, including some Bengali soldiers who had remained loyal to Pakistan.