It covers portions of Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Israel, Palestinian territories, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.

In southern Turkey, it occupies the coastal lowlands between the mountains and the Mediterranean, extending from Antalya to Iskenderun and including the Çukurova plain in between.

Several large cities are in the ecoregion, including Adana, Gaziantep, Antalya, and Mersin in Turkey; Aleppo, Homs, Hama, and Latakia in Syria; Beirut and Tripoli in Lebanon; Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, and Haifa in Israel; Gaza, Hebron and Nablus in Palestinian territories; and Amman in Jordan.

The predominant trees are olive (Olea europea), carob (Ceratonia siliqua), Palestine oak (Quercus calliprinos, sometimes classified as Q. coccifera subsp.

calliprinos), pistacio (Pistacia terebinthus, sometimes classified as P. palaestina), lentisk (P. lenticus), Balanites aegyptiaca, Cupressus sempervirens, Vachellia tortilis, Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix dactylifera, Salix alba, Juglans regia, Populus nigra, Arbutus unedo, Erica arborea, Laurus nobilis, Vachellia flava, Senegalia senegal, Prosopis cineraria, Aerva javanica, Prunus amygdalus, Corylus avellana, Ziziphus spina-christi, Faidherbia albida, Borassus aethiopum, Vitellaria paradoxa, Cedrus libani, Afzelia africana, Kigelia africana, Adansonia digitata, Pistacia atlantica, Quercus brantii, Juniperus communis, Prunus padus, Quercus ilex, Quercus pubescens, Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Picea abies, Abies alba, Alnus glutinosa, Fagus sylvatica, Taxus baccata, Acer pseudoplatanus, Malus sylvestris, Viburnum lantana, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordata, Aesculus hippocastanum, Rhamnus cathartica, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus minor, Populus alba, Betula pendula, Populus tremula, Sclerocarya birrea, Ficus salicifolia and Arbutus andrachne.

[4] The large predators lion (Panthera leo), Syrian brown bear (Ursus arctos syriacus), wolf (Canis lupus), and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) have been mostly or completely extirpated from over-hunting and habitat loss.