The ecoregion's forests are dominated by Sal (Shorea robusta), in association with Terminalia, Adina, Toona, Syzygium, Buchanania, Cleistanthus, and Anogeissus, according to soil variations.

The flora of the ecoregion shares many species with the moist forests of the Western Ghats and the Eastern Himalayas, and also the thorn scrub forests of the Deccan plateau and the thar desert including with Aravalli West Thorn Scrub Forests From the Western Ghats this includes plants like jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Cinnamomum cassia, Durio zibethinus, Garcinia mangostana, Ficus benghalensis, Gnetum gnemon, Mangifera indica, Toona ciliata, Toona sinensis, Cocos nucifera, Tetrameles nudiflora, Ginkgo biloba, Prunus serrulata, Camphora officinarum, Tsuga dumosa, Ulmus lanceifolia, Tectona grandis, Terminalia elliptica, Terminalia bellirica, Quercus acutissima, Juniperus communis, and several hu lianas such as Schefflera vine (Heptapleurum venulosum), joint fir (Gnetum edule), and common rattan.

cuspidata, Taxus sumatrana, Shorea robusta, Acer campbellii, Juglans regia, Alnus nepalensis, Betula alnoides, Betula utilis, Larix griffithii, Picea brachytyla, Cathaya argyrophylla, Taiwania cryptomerioides, Cyathea spinulosa, Sassafras tzumu, Davidia involucrata, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Glyptostrobus pensilis, Castanea mollissima, Quercus myrsinifolia, Quercus acuta, Machilus thunbergii, Tetracentron, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Emmenopterys henryi, Eucommia ulmoides, Juglans regia, Larix gmelinii, Larix sibirica, Larix × czekanowskii, Betula dahurica, Betula pendula, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sibirica, Pinus sylvestris, Picea obovata, Abies sibirica, Quercus acutissima, Quercus mongolica, Ginkgo biloba, Prunus serrulata, Prunus padus, Tilia amurensis, Salix babylonica, Acer palmatum, Populus tremula, Ulmus davidiana, Ulmus pumila, Pinus pumila, Haloxylon ammodendron, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Tamarix ramosissima, Juniperus communis, and Prunus sibirica, herbs and flowers such as yellow Himalayan raspberry, false nettle (Boehmeria macrophylla), and whipcord cobra lily among others.

From the Deccan Plateau and the Thar Desert this includes the Balanites roxburghii, Senegalia senegal, Prosopis cineraria, Vachellia jacquemontii, Vachellia nilotica, Capparis decidua, Capparis zeylanica, Cordia sinensis, Tamarix aphylla, Ziziphus nummularia, Ziziphus jujuba, Corylus avellana, Ziziphus spina-christi, Olea europaea, Balanites aegyptiaca, Cupressus sempervirens, Vachellia tortilis, Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix dactylifera, Phoenix sylvestris, Salix alba, Populus alba, Populus nigra, Quercus coccifera, Quercus ilex, Quercus pubescens, Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia terebinthus, Pinus pinea,Pinus nigra, Ceratonia siliqua, Arbutus unedo, Erica arborea, Laurus nobilis, Vachellia flava, Pinus halepensis, Aerva javanica, Prunus amygdalus, Juglans regia, Juniperus communis, and many species of acacia, Capparis, Prosopis Several globally threatened plant species are found in this ecoregion, including the two endemic plants Leucas mukerjiana and Phlebophyllum jeyporensis.

Large mammals include the predators Indian tiger, wolf, dhole, and sloth bear, and the herbivores gaur, chousingha, blackbuck, and chinkara.