Economic citizenship

The relationship between economic participation and citizenship can be considered a contributing factor to increasing inequalities and unequal representation of different socioeconomic classes within a country.

[3] Similarly, Alice Kessler-Harris discusses the relationship between one’s ability to labor, and his or her right to equal wages as a component of citizenship.

Her central argument addresses how denying a woman the right to labor and equal wages limits her identity as a citizen.

[11] Individuals who bring their family with them as dependents commonly contribute to the economy in a variety of ways, including paying for private schooling, purchasing real estate, extending their business and creating employment.

Previously, the majority of countries with citizenship-by-investment programs were located in the Caribbean, for example Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Kitts and Nevis and Dominica.

The primary impact is generally achieved through an investment in the real estate sector of a country, which in turn can significantly boost local economies.

Former citizenship by investment programs include Scotland (18th century), Belize (1985-2001 or 2002), Ireland (1984-1994 or 1988-1998), Moldova (2018-2019), Cyprus (2007 or 2011-2020), Montenegro (2008-2010, 2015-2022),[51] Comoros[52] (2008-2018),[53] Marshall Islands (1995-1996), Nauru (1998-2000 or 2002) and Tonga (1982-1996).