In 1919 the evolving garrison town of Boden was detached from Överluleå and instituted as a city municipality of its own.

The closest larger city is Luleå, which is located some 35 kilometres (22 miles) southeast on the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia.

The main northern railway line, Stambanan genom övre Norrland, ends in Boden.

By rail, Boden is connected to Luleå, and, on the same line, Uppsala, Stockholm, and finally Bräcke in the south.

There were six localities in the municipality as of 2018:[3] This is a demographic table based on Boden Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics.