Formed from the Connecticut Western Reserve, Edinburg Township covers an area of 24 sq mi (62 km2).

The first settlement at Edinburg was made in 1815 and the township was organized in 1819.

It is named for Lewis Eddy, a pioneer settler, and was originally called "Eddysburg".

[6] A post office was established at Edinburg in 1822, and remained in operation until 1903.

[7][8] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.