The architecture combines traditional Islamic features with a Modernist Scots baronial style.

Geza Fehervari, Professor of Islamic Art & Archaeology at London University, said "The architectural elements and decorative details, while basically relying on Islamic, mainly Turkish traditions, successfully interact with the architectural and decorative age-old customs of Scotland.

"[5] Prior to its construction, there was no mosque large enough to fulfill the needs of the Muslims in the city centre of Edinburgh.

Eventually, the project was able to purchase land from the City Council with the proviso that an existing listed building be preserved and used.

On 31 July 1998 (8 Rabi' al-thani 1419) the mosque was opened by his son Prince Abdul Aziz Bin Fahd, who was also the project patron.

As of 2010, the mosque has received additional funding and the decision has been made to upgrade the ablution facilities to accommodate more people; there will also be a separate room for the Islamic funeral process of bathing the dead body and enshrouding.

It also holds many services such as classes in Arabic and the Qur'an as well as group discussions such as the "Brother circle", since there are two medium-sized tables and chairs.

The menu consists of halal South Asian and Middle Eastern food, including various meat and vegetable curries, with rice or naan on the side.

In August 2007, The Scotsman newspaper placed the Edinburgh Central Mosque's adjoining restaurant top of their list of Best Festival Food.