After the family were discovered in hiding in Amsterdam during the German occupation, she was transported to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp.

Later the family moved to Ganghoferstrasse 24 in a fashionable liberal area of Dornbusch called the Dichterviertel (Poets' Quarter).

[5] In the summer of 1932, the Nazi Party' paramilitary wing – Sturmabteilung (SA) – marched through the streets of Frankfurt am Main wearing Haken Kreuz armbands.

These Brownshirts, as they were called because of the color of their uniforms, loudly sang: "When Jewish blood spurts from the knife, things will go well again".

In the Dutch capital Otto established a branch of his spice and pectin distribution company, called Opekta.

Edith became involved in Amsterdam's Liberal Jewish community, and attended synagogue with her oldest daughter, Margot, on a regular basis.

Her older brothers Walter and Julius immigrated to the United States after 1938, and her mother, Rosa Holländer-Stern, left Aachen in 1939 to join the Frank family in Amsterdam, where she died in January 1942.

Edith's children were removed from their schools, and her husband Otto Frank was forced by the Germans to give up his companies Opekta and Pectacon.

Otto made his businesses look "Aryan" by transferring control to his Dutch colleagues Johannes Kleiman and Victor Kugler, who helped the family when they went into hiding at the company premises on 6 July 1942.

In her diary, the adolescent Anne frequently writes about the disagreements, conflicts, mutual lack of understanding, and the pessimism of her mother, which she wants to disassociate herself from.

However, she repeatedly also describes her mother as an understanding and loyal woman who stands up for her daughters and protects them against verbal attacks from the other inhabitants.

After detainment in the Gestapo headquarters on the Euterpestraat and three days in prison on the Weteringschans, Edith and those with whom she had been in hiding were transported to the Westerbork transit camp.

Edith became very ill and was taken to the sick barracks, where she died of weakness and disease on 6 January 1945, three weeks before the Red Army liberated the camp and ten days before her 45th birthday.

Anne's portrayal of her mother was countered by the memories of those who had known her as a modest, distant woman who tried to treat her adolescent children as her equals.