With the rank of commanding officer, Jouhaud led the resistance against German occupation in the region of Bordeaux since 1943.

He left the air force in 1960 and allied himself with French Army Gen. Raoul Salan, who shared his hatred for de Gaulle.

Generals Maurice Challe and Andre Zeller joined them in a group that seized power in Algiers April 21, 1961, after de Gaulle agreed to negotiate on Algerian independence with National Liberation Front guerrillas.

In Paris, the government handed out weapons in the streets and told citizens to be ready for an invasion of rebel troops from North Africa.

[5] He called for the remaining activists of OAS to end their terrorist campaign, and, after a harrowing five-month period of uncertainty, his sentence was commuted by Charles de Gaulle.